使用 NestJS 和 MongoDB 开发 RESTful Web 服务(Develop RESTful Web Services using NestJS and MongoDB)

Nest (NestJS) is a framework for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications. It uses progressive JavaScript, is built with and fully supports TypeScript (yet still enables developers to code in pure JavaScript) and combines elements of OOP (Object Oriented Programming), FP (Functional Programming), and FRP (Functional Reactive Programming).
Nest（NestJS）是一个框架，用于构建高效，可扩展的Node.js服务器端应用程序。它使用渐进式JavaScript，使用TypeScript构建并完全支持TypeScript（但仍使开发人员能够使用纯JavaScript编码），并结合了OOP（面向对象编程），FP（函数式编程）和FRP（函数式响应式编程）的元素。

Under the hood, Nest makes use of robust HTTP Server frameworks like Express (the default) and optionally can be configured to use Fastify as well!
在引擎盖下，Nest使用强大的HTTP服务器框架，如Express（默认），并且可以选择配置为使用Fastify！

Nest provides a level of abstraction above these common Node.js frameworks (Express/Fastify), but also exposes their APIs directly to the developer. This allows developers the freedom to use the myriad of third-party modules which are available for the underlying platform.
Nest 提供了高于这些常见 Node.js 框架（Express/Fastify）的抽象级别，但也直接向开发人员公开其 API。这允许开发人员自由使用可用于底层平台的无数第三方模块。

In recent years, thanks to Node.js, JavaScript has become the “lingua franca” of the web for both front and backend applications. This has given rise to awesome projects like Angular, React and Vue, which improve developer productivity and enable the creation of fast, testable, and extensible frontend applications. However, while plenty of superb libraries, helpers, and tools exist for Node (and server-side JavaScript), none of them effectively solve the main problem of – Architecture.
近年来，由于Node.js，JavaScript已经成为前端和后端应用程序的Web“通用语言”。这催生了像 Angular、React 和 Vue 这样的令人敬畏的项目，它们提高了开发人员的工作效率，并能够创建快速、可测试和可扩展的前端应用程序。然而，虽然 Node（和服务器端 JavaScript）存在大量出色的库、帮助程序和工具，但它们都没有有效地解决架构的主要问题。

Nest provides an out-of-the-box application architecture which allows developers and teams to create highly testable, scalable, loosely coupled, and easily maintainable applications. The architecture is heavily inspired by Angular.
Nest 提供了一个开箱即用的应用程序架构，允许开发人员和团队创建高度可测试、可扩展、松散耦合且易于维护的应用程序。该建筑深受Angular的启发。

In this course I am going to guide you through the process of planning, developing and deploying a fully-featured RESTful web service using TypeScript+NestJS on Node platform.
在本课程中，我将指导您完成在 Node 平台上使用 TypeScript+NestJS 规划、开发和部署功能齐全的 RESTful Web 服务的过程。